Comparing Musculoskeletal and Sports Physiotherapy: Which One Do You Need?

When seeking physiotherapy, it can be helpful to understand the different areas of expertise within the profession. While all physiotherapists undergo foundational training in musculoskeletal, cardiothoracic, and neurological conditions, further study allows them to specialise in particular areas. Two of the most recognised specialisations are Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy and Sports Physiotherapy. While there is significant crossover between the two, there are times when one may be better suited to your specific needs.

In Australia, physiotherapists who have undertaken additional university-based training and met the requirements set by the Australian Physiotherapy Association (APA) may use the title Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist or Sports Physiotherapist. Understanding the differences between these specialisations can help you determine which approach is best for your injury or condition.

What is Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy?

Musculoskeletal physiotherapists specialise in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting muscles, joints, and soft tissues. Their expertise extends beyond sports-related injuries to encompass a wide range of physical conditions that impact mobility, function, and overall comfort in daily life.

Common Conditions Treated by a Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist:

• Chronic pain conditions such as lower back pain and osteoarthritis
• Postural issues and ergonomic-related pain
• Repetitive strain injuries (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis)
• Neck pain and headaches related to musculoskeletal dysfunction
• Post-operative rehabilitation following orthopaedic surgeries
• Joint stiffness and loss of range of motion due to arthritis or injury
• Whiplash and other accident-related injuries

Musculoskeletal physiotherapists apply evidence-based treatment techniques, including manual therapy, exercise rehabilitation, dry needling, and pain management strategies to support long-term recovery and prevent recurrence. They also educate patients on self-management techniques to help maintain mobility and reduce pain over time.

What is Sports Physiotherapy?

Sports physiotherapists focus on preventing, diagnosing, and managing injuries specific to athletic performance. Their expertise extends to recreational, amateur, and elite-level athletes, addressing the physical demands of various sports. Sports physiotherapy involves a deep understanding of biomechanics, load management, and performance optimisation.

Common Conditions Treated by a Sports Physiotherapist:

• Acute sports injuries such as sprains, strains, and ligament tears (e.g., ACL injuries)
• Overuse injuries like shin splints, runner’s knee, and stress fractures
• Muscle imbalances and movement dysfunctions impacting performance
• Rehabilitation following sports-related surgeries (e.g., rotator cuff repair, ACL reconstruction)
• Return-to-sport programs and injury prevention strategies
• Performance enhancement through strength and conditioning programs
• Management of adolescent sports injuries and growth-related conditions

Sports physiotherapists work closely with athletes to ensure a safe and effective return to sport while also helping prevent future injuries through tailored exercise programs and sport-specific conditioning. They also provide guidance on proper technique, equipment use, and training modifications to reduce the risk of re-injury.

Where Do These Specialisations Overlap?

While musculoskeletal and sports physiotherapists have distinct areas of expertise, there are many conditions that can be treated by either discipline.

Common Conditions That Can Be Treated by Either Specialisation:

• Tendon injuries such as Achilles tendinopathy and rotator cuff tendinopathy
• Lower back pain related to movement dysfunction
• Post-surgical rehabilitation for joint injuries
• Joint sprains and muscle strains
• Rehabilitation following fractures
• Chronic pain conditions that impact movement and function
• Soft tissue injuries requiring long-term management and care

In many cases, the choice between a musculoskeletal and sports physiotherapist depends on the nature of your injury and your goals. For example, if you are recovering from an ankle sprain and want to return to running, a sports physiotherapist might focus more on performance-based rehabilitation. If your goal is to reduce chronic pain and improve daily function, a musculoskeletal physiotherapist may be the best fit.

The Role of Preventative Physiotherapy

Beyond injury treatment, both musculoskeletal and sports physiotherapists play a crucial role in preventative care. Addressing muscle imbalances, poor posture, or faulty movement patterns before they lead to pain or injury can significantly improve long-term physical health. Regular physiotherapy sessions can help individuals stay active, maintain mobility, and avoid more serious issues down the track.

For athletes, this might involve movement screenings, strength and flexibility programs, and sport-specific drills to enhance performance and reduce injury risk. For individuals with sedentary jobs, a musculoskeletal physiotherapist may recommend ergonomic changes and targeted exercises to alleviate strain and tension.

Which Physiotherapist is Right for You?

If you’re unsure which physiotherapist is best suited to your needs, choosing a clinic that offers both disciplines—such as Malvern Physiotherapy Clinic—can help guide your decision. Our reception team is trained to know which therapists are best suited for each condition, and they will be able to guide you. From there, your physiotherapist will assess your condition and develop a personalised treatment plan to support your recovery and ongoing health.

At Malvern Physiotherapy Clinic, we are committed to delivering high-quality, personalised care to help you move with confidence. Whether you need musculoskeletal physiotherapy for chronic pain or sports physiotherapy for performance-based rehabilitation, we’re here to support you every step of the way.

Book an appointment today or speak with our reception team 03 9078 8434 to start your journey to better movement and recovery.

Published March 13, 2025